My Magic Mirror :: essays research papers

I frequently wonder who the young lady is whose face I look at each morning in the enormous mirror hanging over my work area. Somehow or another I do feel as though I know her, yet just on a shallow level: a similar way we think we know the entertainers in our preferred dramas. We may know each unequivocal detail of the lives of the characters, however the genuine character of the on-screen character themselves is a gigantic secret which we have practically no expectation of ever solving.A mirror’s sole design is to reflect. For my situation, however, mirrors appear to mirror my persona instead of my character. This, fortunately, demonstrates the mirror sees just what the remainder of the world does; precisely what I need to be seen.The reflect being referred to in enormous, clear, and alluringly embellished, meaning its significance in my life. It is not necessarily the case that the vast majority of my extra time is spent looking affectionately into it, rather that it is wit h the assistance of my mirror that I embrace my outward persona each morning. While remaining before it I change myself from the plain, exhausting no one who I dread more than any other individual on the planet to the cordial, bubbly, develop animal I wish I truly was. For me, putting on my make-up isn't the straightforward assignment my companions appear to see it as; it is the painstakingly culminated craftsmanship or making my disguise.It is just when I am wearing this mask I believe I am a ‘normal’ individual, that I fit in with the remainder of our basic culture. On the uncommon events when I have not received my camouflage (just when I am in no peril of meeting any associates) I become like a ‘Magic Eye’ picture; you need to glance extremely hard so as to see the total image.The reason I am so reluctant to evacuate my cover out in the open is that, to be very genuine, I am scared of what is underneath. Because of my making this cover, I have never familiar myself with my mindful, passionate, touchy character attributes which I a ttempt so urgently to disguise. I am uncertain about whether I like that young lady without question, and I am excessively bustling attempting to shroud her to have the opportunity to discover out.I have not generally been isolated this way. At the point when I was more youthful I some way or another figured out how to let all the parts of my character appear, bringing about a genuinely even blend of the side of me which I despise and the side I advance.

Leadership and Change Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Administration and Change Management - Essay Example Administration advancement is a mind boggling process as I saw over a year ago and the issues secured by the gatherings demonstrated essential in changing my view of human asset the executives and how to impact change in the association structure. The inability to address difficulties in the process could be featured in the former gathering. The procedure was a mind boggling one in spite of the fact that the difficulties were various. I learned indispensable issues in change the executives, which will be tended to later in this intelligent examination. One of the imperative issues tended to by the gathering is bunch union and interest. The cooperation of people in the gathering assisted with making the gatherings intriguing. Truth be told, the accessibility of the gathering individuals guaranteed that the targets of the gathering were met. The individual execution of the gathering individuals guaranteed that all the essential issues in the board were taken care of splendidly and even settled genially. The designation of obligations to the individual made the assignments simple to finish (Paton, Paton, and McCalman, 2008, p. 56). I gained from the procedure the imperative idea of correspondence when taking care of human work or training individuals. It was difficult to build up the code of training among the individuals, however we had the option to work because of shared trust and union. The change the board procedure and aggregate duty are basic issues on the tending to of progress inside the association, for example, the improvement of initiative aptitudes and experience. As the gathering advanced, a few issues could be raised that should have been illuminated by the gathering individuals. Getting ready for the gathering was left to the seat woman since she was the facilitator of the gathering and could deal with administration issues adequately. Under her initiative, a few issues were tended to and the issues incorporate the job of each gathering part. Throu gh the advancement of gathering attachment, she guaranteed that the gathering could work superior to anticipated. The protection from change was clear inside the gathering during the underlying phases of activity. This demonstrated the intensity of latency and the job of recognition in attempting to reach and change a built up framework (Okbor, 2001, p. 23). The arranging of the gathering was great and prompted the viable culmination of the task and fulfillment of the set objectives and targets of the investigation. The arranging of the thoughts or subjects to be talked about during the gathering was finished by the seat woman with the help from the gathering individuals. The gathering utilized agreement working in the advancement of a gathering organizer and the issues to be tended to by the gathering. It was difficult to determine certain issues in the primary gathering. Such crucial issues were conceded and were tended to in the later gatherings including the third gathering (Lus ardi, 2012, p. 89). Nonetheless, after the fruition of the arranging procedure, it was simpler to create and thought of the vital arrangement of the gatherings consistently. The course and assistance of the gathering were left to the seat woman and the gathering individuals were responsible for the cooperation. The support of the different individuals was observed by the facilitator who suggested a game plan, which incorporated the testing of the gathering individuals and assessing their comprehension of the ideas examined through the gatherings.

The little things

The little things Overheard at MIT (Fall 2012) (complaining about the ratio of male to female bathrooms on MIT campus) MIT female: Also, BUILDING THREE. Average number of mens bathrooms per floor: two point eight. Average number of WOMENS bathrooms: ZERO POINT TWO FIVE!!! MIT male: Uhhow did you get two point eight? MIT female: Its actually two point seven five. I rounded. Last year, around finals period (I think it was around finals period? my sense of chronology is pretty terrible) every French House resident woke up to find a personalized sticky note on his or her door. I still have mine: During the same week, my friend Daniel (who was a senior and therefore finals-free) cooked me dinner so that I could study and not stress out about, you know, feeding myself. A month ago, I got home the night before my first J-Lab oral exam and found a sweet note on my whiteboard Im an idiot and didnt copy it down, but it read something like Dear Anna, Good luck on your J-Lab presentation tomorrow! I know youll kick ass! Love, Sophie. She had also taped a Snickers bar and three additoinal pieces of chocolate to the door. Again, Im an idiot and didnt take a picture before eating it all (it was One Of Those Nights) but still. You can imagine how therapeutic it was. A week ago, I saw my name on the list of recipients for a carnation, from the sorority AXOs Domestic Violence Awareness Week campaign. I got a pink rose from my friend Sumin, which now lives proudly on my windowsill was reminded of last years campaign, when I got a carnation from a neurologist and two physicists: Oliver is my hero Oliver Sacks, Alan is my advisor and cool dude Alan Guth, and Alex van O. is Alexander Van Oudenaarden, my 8.03 professor. (Thanks for that, Sam.) On Wednesday, I had a rough day. My 8.05 (Quantum II) exam went badly, and because I had taken so much time to study I faced doing an entire 18.06 (Linear Algebra) pset overnight. I was less than pleased. My friend Lucas bought two bags of chocolate chips while at Shaws, and invited me over to New House 3 to bake cookies. We made something on the order of 100 cookies, I think, and consumed something on the order of 5-10 each. It was a fabulous mood-lifter (seriously. chocolate chip cookies. BEST DESSERT.) Half of 18.06 got done that night, and the other half waited until the next afternoon. It was fine. On Thursday, I was about to scan and e-mail in an application form for an astronomy outreach program I want to do, when I noticed that it required the signature of the head of the physics department: Ed Bertschinger. Um. AHHHH! I freaked, ran to his office, only to learn that he was in a meeting and that I should just leave the form with his secretary. Bummed, I left it there and went home. I got an e-mail from Professor Bertschinger after dinner, saying that he signed my form and was delighted to hear that I was applying for the program. More specifically:  Im delighted to find a formalized way to get undergraduates involved in outreach. I hope you will share your activities with me, I myself love to do astronomy outreach. I thought that was really nice of him. Anyway, this is a short but important post (SO MUCH J-LAB TO DO I DONT EVEN UNDERSTAND AHHHHHHH WHAT DO I DO.) I feel like sometimes one feels pressure to wait until a big monumentous occasion to blog when really, these little things are a much more accurate representation of everyday life here. My friends are the best.

The Life and Writings of Jack London Essay - 860 Words

It appears that many famous people lived through a poor childhood. Jack London had an immensely rough childhood stricken with poverty and uncertainty, yet he is one of the most famous writers of the twentieth century. London’s lack of stability in his life and the various stages he lived through such as being a sailor, hobo, Klondike Argonaut, and self-made millionaire colored the pages of his writing. Lack of stability in a child’s life can be a detrimental factor in a youth’s ability to succeed. London was an illegitimate child of an astrologer and Welsh farm girl (Jack London Encyclopedia of World Biography). Unfortunately, when London’s birth father received word of London’s conception, he fled. London’s mother, Flora Wellman, was†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"I always could read and write, and have no recollection antedating such a condition. Folks say that I simply insisted upon being taught† London once recalled (London). In addition to living in extreme poverty, London’s family also moved quite frequently. Daunting financial problems affected him his whole life. One of the most significant factors in London’s development was his conscious rejection of the occult, the supernatural, and the mystical- all of which he associated with his mother’s cold spirituality (Jack London). His childhood provided many top ics which London could give first hand accounts on. He could write accurately about growing up without ‘T.L.C.’, growing up in poverty and loneliness in childhood. Sailors, hobos, Klondike Argonauts, social crusaders, war correspondents, scientific farmers, self-made millionaires, global travelers and adventurers. What do these diverse traits all have in common? Well, Jack London filled each position at least once in his life. London’s childhood consisted of great amounts of toil. So why would anyone be surprised that he ran off and took a job that is physically tough? At the youthful age of seventeen, London took a daunting position on a seal ship where he sailed to Japan and the Bearing Sea. Further more, he picked up the job of oyster pirating but quickly reconsidered since a majority of his comrades were being caughtShow MoreRelatedEssay on Jack London: A Biography721 Words   |  3 PagesJack London: A Biography      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   John Griffith London, better known to us as Jack London, was born to Flora Wellman January 12, 1876, in San Francisco. (Ranch Album)   His father was presumably W.H. Chaney, who left Flora after finding out she was pregnant. (Stasz, 9)   Flora met and eventually married John London on September 7, 1876 bringing Johns two other children, Ida and Eliza, into the family. (Ranch Album) Flora enlisted the help of a wet nurse and, with the help her and Eliza,Read MoreJack London and His Call of the Wild1150 Words   |  5 Pagesof the parts of his nature that were deeper than he, going back into the womb of Time. - Jack London, The Call of the Wild, Ch. 3 (Jack London Quotes). This quote summarizes the success of Jack London’s writing career in one simple sentence. London’s success and inspiration for his naturalist style can be accredited to the way in which he was raised, and his experiences during his lifetime. Jack London, was born John Griffith Chaney on January 12, 1876 near San Francisco, California. His motherRead MoreAnalysis Of Jack London s The Call Of The Wild 1306 Words   |  6 PagesHave people ever thought about writing style? Or about different literary movements? There are many different kinds of writing styles, along with many different literary movements. Authors choose the writing style they want, and whether or not to be in a movement. Jack London was one of these authors. He chose to be a part of the naturalism movement. Naturalism is a literary movement with the belief that humans and animals being shaped by their environment. He then chose to use indirect discourseRead MoreJack London : The Cinderella Man Of Literature1186 Words   |  5 PagesI shall use my time,† Jack London was a novelist, journalist, and social activist; he is also recognized as a remarkable American author who gave his readers a different type of experience in literature during his time and layed down a foundation for other authors to pursue.. Although Jack London had a traumatic upbringing, his efforts in writing earned him numerous appraisals, and made a humongous influence on American literature. Jack London had a very comprehensive life filled with numerous experiencesRead MoreThe Sea Wolf by Jack London1219 Words   |  5 Pages 1 The Themes of â€Å"The Sea Wolf† The Sea Wolf by Jack London can often be seen as a controversial book. It mentions several highly disputed topics such as: morals, religion, and death. Throughout his life the aim and strategy that he used for his books often reflected his past life experiences. His once hard life enabled him to gather extraordinary details into his books that authors were often not privileged to use. The characters one encounters through the various novels, and especially â€Å"TheRead MoreJack London Biography1301 Words   |  6 PagesJack London : Biography         You cant wait for inspiration. You have to go after it with a club (BrainyQuote). This is one of Jack Londons more well known quotes. Jack London was born as John Griffith Chaney  on January 12, 1876, in San Francisco(Jack London). His mother was Flora Wellman and his father was suspected to be astrologer William H. Chaney, who denied his paternity and abandoned Londons mother(Wilson). London was suckled, or nursed, by an ex-slave named Virginia Prentiss, whoRead MoreInto the Wild: an Analysis of Who Jack Londonwas to Chris Mccandless1113 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Jack London is King† this was carved in to a block of wood found at the bus where Chris McCandless’s body was found. Chris McCandless admired Jack London as a man and a writer. Chris went into the wild’s of Alaska to prove that he could live off the land, with no modern conveniences, and no human contact. Jack London wrote stories about men and animals experiences against the environme nt, and survival against hardships, which were written from his own life. His works included individualism and theRead MoreCall Of The Wild By Jack London1448 Words   |  6 PagesWild is a novella written by Jack London that is ironic about life and the way we look at it. We look at life as humans and other things are just living in our world, that nothing else has a say in the world because we do not speak the same languages. Example of this is how we â€Å"own† dogs, cats, horses, etc; we do not â€Å"own† them, they are their own being with goals of their own. We may not be able to understand what they are saying or what they are thinking, but as London explains throughout his novellaRead MoreJack London : An Oyster Pirate1204 Words   |  5 PagesJack London was born in 1876, and died in 1916. He was born in San Francisco, California, and was the son of Flora Wellman Chaney. When he was a child, he would sometimes living with the Prentisses. Mr. and Mrs. Prentis ses were African Americans who served as London’s surrogate parents. When Jack turned 15, he sailed the San Francisco Bay as an oyster pirate. During his time on the water, London developed an alcohol problem, which would eventually become alcoholism. In 1894, London was arrested asRead MoreMartin Eden by Jack London825 Words   |  4 PagesJack London is among the many prolific writers from the United States of America who possess great artistic works ranging from great time novels ,short stories to plays just but to mention a few. He is fondly remembered for his great novel, ‘Martin Eden’ published in 1909. In the novel he tries to express the challenges faced by young writers who try to exploit their talent and passion in an area where little opportunities present themselves. This novel has stood the test of time with its relevance

Effective Communication Strategies For Workplace - 1221 Words

Effective Communication Strategies for Workplace Conflict Tanya Schankel ORG300 – Applying Leadership Principles Colorado State University – Global Campus Dr. Anne O Bryan June 14, 2015 Effective Communication Strategies for Workplace Conflict Got Conflict? You are not alone. Conflict is a natural part of our lives. It can occur anytime and anywhere, but it is especially prone to raise its ugly head in the workplace when working with a team. We all have unique differences based on age, sex, race, culture, religion, personalities, and education to name a few (Shetach, 2012). The conflict that arises at work, however, not only includes these differences, but also that of differing opinions, conflicting priorities, and the ego needs of colleagues. Conflict can be a positive motivator to help a team push through a difficult problem or meet a critical deadline, but it can also create a negative work environment which when left unaddressed can have disastrous consequences. Therefore, it is important for effective leaders to be able to guide their teams to successful outcomes by developing communication strategies that identify, reduce, and resolve conflict while overcoming barriers due to a lack of awareness, lack of vision, and lack of action. Critical Thinking Indentifying Conflict First, leaders should be aware of the common causes of conflict and differing conflict management styles that they might encounter when working with a team. This information will give theShow MoreRelatedDifferent Communication Styles Among Genders in Spain and Asian Countries1026 Words   |  4 PagesSpanish Culture 1. Identify the different communication styles among genders. The different communication styles range from very relaxed to very formal, depending upon the age and status of a person. However, in the Spanish culture there is not much differentiation between the genders in relaxed social atmospheres, though the culture does tend to be male dominant. 2. What are the cultural norms of communication? The cultural norms of communication in Spanish culture vary from speaking very freelyRead MoreCombination of Required Skills: The Nurse Leader and Nurse Advocate in the Workplace1029 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Combination Of Required Skills: The Nurse Leader And Nurse Advocate In The Workplace Introduction This work intends to examine the combination of skills needed in combining the role of nurse leadership and nurse advocate in the workplace. Toward this end, this study will conduct a review of the literature in this area of inquiry and report findings on what has been garnered during the course of the study. I. Shared Governance and Work Place Advocacy The work of Green and Jordan (2004) reportsRead MoreThe Effects Of Tactile Communication On The Human Resource Manager ( Hrm )1250 Words   |  5 Pagesnonverbal communication is haptics. Haptics refers to the study of communication by touch (Anonymous, 2012). According to Anonymous, 2012, â€Å"touch is necessary for human social development, and it can be welcoming, threatening, or persuasive.† The meaning of a simple touch differs between individuals, genders, and cultures. It is important for the Human Resource Manager (HRM) to recognize these differences in order to improve communication and be effective in the workplace. Tactile communication can helpRead MoreMotivation, Stress, and Communication1713 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Motivation, Stress and Communication: As part of analyzing motivation, stress, and communication in the workplace, I have selected the position of human service manager in United Way of Central Indiana. The company is located in Indianapolis and focuses on helping to sustain significant services for people in need of help and preventing the occurrence of such needs for future generations. United Way of Central Indiana has two major priorities that are centered on providing important human servicesRead MoreThe Effects Of Workplace Violence On Nursing1329 Words   |  6 Pages Effects and Management of Workplace Violence in Nursing Gurdeep Kaur, Virender Kaur, and Ana Tolentino Jimenez California State University, Bakersfield Effects and Management of Workplace Violence in Nursing Workplace violence occurs due to an interpersonal conflict between two or more people that results from differences in their needs, ideas, goals, interests, or values (Marquis and Huston, 2015). Workplace violence is not limited to physical violence; it also includes negativeRead MoreThe And Characteristics Of An Organization1445 Words   |  6 Pageswhat an organization is. Second, with a graph displaying a vision on organizational communication. Third, by defining the key parts that make up an organization. Fourth, by integrating the parts together through best practices. Fifth, by examining the nature and characteristics of an intelligent organization’s communication. Sixth, by identifying key strategies to meet the challenges in a technological workplace. In the final seventh section, by recommendations on how managers can apply this visionRead MoreKey Parts Of Organizational Communication1277 Words   |  6 PagesDefinitions of Key Parts Organizational Communication is best described by as an action that is continually evolving. In a given workplace there must be the sending and receiving of information. This concept is the central component to achieve both individual and common goals. Essentially, there would be no organization without communication. Knowledge Management is an organization’s methodology of making their intellectual assets as fully functional, or effective as possible. This is a systematic approachRead MoreThe Importance Of Identifying And Adapting Health Literacy967 Words   |  4 PagesHealth Literacy in Effective Workplace Communication Name: Georgia Pearson Student Number: n9994769 Course Code Name: PYB007 Communication for Healthcare Professionals Tutor: Michael Rowlands Tutorial: Wednesday, 1500 – 1700, N518 Word Count: Date: 10/04/2017 Queensland University of Technology The Importance of Identifying and Adapting to Patient Health Literacy in Effective Workplace Communication Effective communication plays an integral role in the workplace of health professionalsRead MoreCommunication : A Complete Message963 Words   |  4 Pages COMMUNICATION Communication is process which make people to express their ideas, views, difficulties or needs to people on the other hand. It is exchange of above between two or more people in order to get some output. It is an effective way to show our needs, demands and ideas to reach people via various modes through speech, visuals, sign, written form, behavior or even cartoons and logos. (theories-of-organizational-communication) MEANING OF COMMUNICATION Communication means to exchange ideasRead MoreCommunication For Effective Leadership At The Workplace859 Words   |  4 PagesCommunication for Effective Leadership Everyday in the workplace a person must interact with others in various forms of communication to complete their day. A leader must be able to strategically communicate with their employees, as well as overcome any communication barriers, in order to achieve a high-performance rate in the workplace. An example of a scenario that requires diplomatic communication, in my case, is a loss of work ethic amongst team members. Communication Strategies Communication

Dental Free Essays

Tray setups Here is a series of tray set ups for some of the more usual dental procedures. Every operator is different and the tray set ups need to be customized for the operator. Keep tray set ups simple. We will write a custom essay sample on Dental or any similar topic only for you Order Now Also shown are some of the corresponding bench set ups that need to be prepared for specific purposes. Tray 1: Examination Mirror Probe Tweezers Periodontal probe Bench Patient card Pencil for charting Intra-oral camera set up ready to go Hand mirror for patient to view mouth Tray 2: Prophylaxis and fluoride treatment Mirror, probe and tweezers Hand scales and/or ultrasonic scales tip Rubber cup Suction tube Prophylaxis paste in ring cup or disposable dish Floss Gauze squares Cotton rolls Fluoride trays or pellets and disposable dish Fluoride solution Model for oral health instruction Tray 3: Amalgam restoration 1 Spoon excavator Flat plastic Amalgam plunger Amalgam carver (every operator has their favorite) Ball burnishes Locking tweezers Tray 4: Amalgam restoration bench Amalgam gun Dapper dish Matrix retainer and band Decal applicator Wedges (where necessary) Amalgam capsule Articulating paper with holder Lining material Tray 5: Amalgam restoration 2 Tray 6: Composite / GIG restoration Plastic instrument – temple or Teflon Tray 7: Composite / GIG restoration -? bench 1 Pellets or sponge applicators, Articulating paper Spatula Mixing pad Restorative material Tray 8: Composite / GIG restoration -? bench 2 Pellets or sponge applicators Tray 9: Extraction Sterile gauze Tray 10: Extraction, mandible -? Elevators Forceps Anesthetic set-up Extra gauze bench Instructions for care after an extraction. Tray 1 1: Endicott treatment Endicott probe Endicott spoon excavator Endicott ruler For root canal therapy / root filling you will need to add the following instruments to the Endicott tray: Lateral spreader’s Endicott plungers Heat out instrument (for cutting and sealing the GPO points) Tray 12: Endicott treatment -? K files Paper points Medicament’s Cavity Mixing pad and spatula Periodical X ray films Guts perch points Tray 13: Rubber dam 1 Frame Rubber dam clamp forceps Rubber dam punch Appropriate clamp Rubber dam square Tray 14: Rubber dam 2 Tray 15: Oral health education / disclosing Locking tweezers with cotton pellet Toothbrush Microbes Disclosing solution Baseline in small container Denture dish / container Air-abrasion -? tray Teflon instrument or temple composite Air abrasion head and nozzles Air-abrasion -? bench Similar to composite/glass-monomer set up Endicott -? tray Endicott-? bench Periodical films Rubber dam application Oral surgery -? tray Retractor Scalpel handle Peritoneal elevator Erroneous Bone file Tissue tweezers Hemostat Surgical curette Irrigating syringe Suture/surgical scissors Needle holder Surgical aspirator Oral surgery -? bench Scalpel blade of choice Suture needle and thread of choice Saline solution for irrigation Extra gauze-sterile Mouth props if needed Surgical burs of preference Extra cup of water to run through aspirator to avoid clogging. Denture trays Impressions Bite registration -? tray Wax knife Wax carvers Bite registration -? bench Models Bite wax Matches Shade guide. Laboratory Job sheets Try-in -? tray Try-in -? bench Hand mirror for patient Denture issue Denture issue -? Bench The dentures Hand mirror Burs required for acrylic trimming. How to cite Dental, Papers Dental Free Essays Dentistry isn’t Just a profession; it’s a way of life. Helping others is the best way to live, and that’s exactly what you do. â€Å"Blessed are those who hold lively conversations with the hopelessly mute, for they shall be called dentists† (Ann Landers). We will write a custom essay sample on Dental or any similar topic only for you Order Now We all dread our next go around at the dentist. Getting our teeth cleaned, drilled, pulled, and any other horrible exploit being done to our poor teeth. What our dentist is doing (besides invading our mouths), is protecting us from any diseases that could otentially form in our mouths. A dentist is â€Å"one who is skilled, licensed and practice the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases, injuries, and malformations of the mouth. † There are many factors into becoming a dentist. To become a dentist, one must attend dental school. The dental school must be accredited by the American Dental Association (ADA). In order to be accepted into any of the 56 (2006) dental schools in the United States, you must complete two years of predental education. Most people geta bachelor’s degree. In order to be accepted into dental school, you must first take the Dental Admissions Test (DAT). In the first year of dental school students normally take science classes like microbiology, pathology, or anatomy. In the next years the advance to more dental-based classes; which includes going to laboratories and getting hands-on experience. Most dental students graduate from a dental D. M. D or a D. D. S in four years. A work day for a dentist varies every day. The field is often challenging due to the difference in people’s mouths. You constantly have to build more knowledge due to the fact that each patient is different. Dentist’s generally look over the patients records in the morning before their appointment. From there; they will practice what is necessary on the mouth of their patient. Whether it being drilling teeth, extracting teeth, removing decay and filling cavities, to prescribing medicine. Due to their flexibility; dentists get to choose whether they want to work full-time or half-time. Full-time dentists average about 63 patients a week. How to cite Dental, Papers

Tata Teleservices Ltd Internship Report free essay sample

A SUMMER INTERNSHIP PROJECT REPORT ON A STUDY OF PROMOTION PRACTICE OF TTEB Prepared by:- Paghadar Sagar. PGP+MBA Stevens Business School Company Guide:- Mr. Chetan Gurjar Mobility Head Of (Gujarat) TATA Teleservices Ltd. College Guide:- Dr. Himani Joshi Acknowledgement:- In the realization of one’s objective man is not an independent identity. It is the combined efforts of the people from diverse circle. Keeping this thing in mind, I would like to take this opportunity to show my gratitude to all those who have contributed in one-way or other, small or big. With the proud sense of gratefulness, I would admire Mr. Atul Pal,Mr. Chetan Gurjar,Mr. Nitin Sharma. They have provided me valuable guidance and great support that would add a new dimension to my field and knowledge. They have always insisted upon right approach and have pointed out the best possible ways to conduct our activity towards achieving stated objectives for the project as well as to apply in real life. I am thankful to Dr. Himani Joshi, whose guidance, inspiration and generous support directed me well during the training period and in the preparation of my project report. I am very much thankful to her as she has spent her precious time towards the preparation of my project. It is with profound feeling of gratitude to them for providing us technical input in the form of manuscripts, books and study materials and influencing our thinking. I am thankful to them for trust in me and giving me an opportunity for doing something batter for my bright future. PREFACE:- Management is an essential ingredient in every organized endeavor successful management of complex organization sophisticated technology and skilled personnel can’t be possible through intuition of trial and error. One can’t swim only by reading a book on swimming. It must require a â€Å"practice†. Practice makes man perfect. Theory makes him thoughtful So theoretical knowledge is only a half way in study network. If theoretical knowledge aspects are planned in a better way give faithful results, so theoretical knowledge should be supplemented by practical experience. For holding student after his college study the knowledge that he has gained that should be imparted practically. So training is the only way to achieve such expectations. Training process acts as a bridge between college students and carrier performance. So, the article action is on a way through bridge itself since during that period one can expose his real talent in his field. I have been fortunate to have my training of eight weeks at â€Å"Tata Teleservices Limited, Ahmedabad†. I am very glad to present this project report. I honestly thank to all of those who have helped me in my efforts. Entire report has been divided into different segments, which reflect different views on the areas covered. CONTENTS - CHAPTER – I * Indian Telecom Industry - CHAPTER – II * TATA Group - CHAPTER III * Department structure CHAPTER – I * What activities this department does? - CHAPTER – I * Internship Assignment 4. 1 Learning about products 4. 2 – Market survey 4. 3 – Activities * Canapies * Road show * Other activities 4. 4 – Observation - Suggestion Conclusion Bibliography Annexure: Questionnaire CHAPTER I Indian Telecom Industry The telecom sector has been one of the fastest growing sectors in the Indian economy in the past 4 years. This has been witnessed due to strong competition that has brought down tariffs as well as simplification of policy environment that has promoted healthy competition among various players. The mobile sector alone has been growing rapidly and has emerged as the fastest growing market in the whole worlds. Currently of a size nearing 200 million (GSM and CDMA), this sector is expected to reach a size of nearly 800 million subscribers by financial year 2011. The government has eased the rules regarding inner circle and intra circle mergers. This has led to a slew of mergers and acquisitions in the recent past. Also as the sector is moving closer to maturity, further consolidation is a reality and this will lead to the survival of more profitable players in this segment. In order to further promote the use of Internet in the country the government is taking proactive steps to develop this sector with the help of the various players in this segment. For this purpose, the use of broadband technology is being mooted and this will go a long way in improving the productivity of the Indian economy as well as turn out to be the next big opportunity for telecom companies after the mobile communications segment. Non-voice services and VAS are the gold mines. The big takeoff is expected with the rollout of 3G services in early 2007, once the spectrum issues are sorted out. Internet users base fast reaching near the English speaking population base. Local language and content required for further growth Infrastructure equipment cost is down to a fraction of what prevailed just a few years ago. Operators can plan better expansion plan now increased viability for the operators to expand to semi-urban and rural markets, hence, accelerate growth further it’s not without reason that India is tipped to be the world’s third-largest economy by 2050! No wonder if it happens much earlier Investors can look to capture the gains of the Indian telecom boom and diversify their operations outside developed economies that are marked by saturated telecom markets and lower GDP growth rates. At a time when global telecom majors are struggling to cope with their losses and the rollout of 3G networks, which has been a non-starter for close to a year now; India, with its telecom success story, represents an attractive and lucrative destination for investment. The Indian Telecommunications network is the third largest in the world and the second largest among the emerging economies of Asia. Today, it is the fastest growing market in the world. The telecommunication sector continued to register significant success during the year and has emerged as one of the key sectors responsible for India’s resurgent India’s economic growth. This rapid growth has been possible due to various proactive and positive decisions of the Government and contribution of both by the public and the private sector. The rapid strides n the telecom sector have been facilitated by liberal policies of the Government that provide easy market access for telecom equipment and a fair regulatory framework for offering Telecom services to the Indian consumers at affordable prices. Wire line Vs Wireless:- It has also undergone a substantial change in terms of mobile versus fixed phones and public versus private participation. The preference for use of wireless p hones has also been predominant in the sector. Participation of the private entities in the telecom sector is rapidly increasing rate there by presenting the enormous growth opportunities. There is a clear distinction between the Global Satellite Mobile Communication (GSM) and Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) technologies used and the graph below shows the divide between the two. Segment wise Status:- * Wire line Services With increasing penetration of the wireless services, the wire line services in the country are becoming stagnant. On the other hand, Broadband demand has picked up and promises to stabilize fixed line growth. * GSM Sector In terms of the Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) subscriber base this now places India third after China and Russia. CDMA Services CDMA technology was introduced in India as a limited mobility solution. The introduction of CDMA services has created competition, lowered tariffs and offered many citizens access to communication services for the first time. * Internet Services Internet services were launched in India on August 15, 1995. In November 1998 the government opened up the sector to private operators. A liberal licensing regime was put in place to increase Internet penetration across the country. The growth of IP telephony or grey market is also a serious concern. Government loses revenue, while unlicensed operation by certain operators violates the law and depletes licensed operators market share. New services like IP-TV and IP-Telephony are becoming popular with the demand likely to increase in coming years. The scopes of services under existing ISP license conditions are unclear. POLICY AND INITIATIVES:- The Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) was set up in March 1997 as a regulator for Telecom sector. The TRAI’s functions are recommendatory, regulatory and tariff setting in telecom sector. Telecom Disputes Settlement and Appellate Tribunal (TDSAT) came into existence in May, 2000. TDSAT has been empowered to adjudicate any dispute – †¢ Between a licensor and a licensee †¢ Between two or more service providers †¢ Between a service provider and a group of consumers †¢ hear and dispose of appeal against any direction, decision or order of TRAI Tariffs for telecommunication services have evolved from a regime where tariffs were determined by Telecom Regulatory Authority of India to a regime where tariffs are largely under forbearance. TRAI intervenes by regulating the tariffs for only those services, the markets of which are not competitive. Universal Service Obligation Fund (USOF) exclusively for meeting the Universal Service Obligation was established in April, 2002. The Universal Service Levy is presently 5 per cent of the Adjusted Gross Revenue (AGR) of all telecom service providers except the pure value added service providers like Internet, Voice Mail, E-Mail service providers etc. Indian Telegraph Act has been amended in October’2006 to provide support for all telegraph services including mobile and broadband to bridge the digital divide. With the introduction of the Unified Access Licensing Regime, operators can offer telecom access services to consumers in a technology neutral manner, subject to fulfilling certain conditions. Introduction of this regime has also broken the legal/regulatory impasse between the cellular and basic service providers. Issuance of Intra-Circle Merger and Acquisition Guidelines provide investors an opportunity to take stakes in existing telecom operations. Government Initiatives:- The Government has taken the following main initiatives for the growth of the Telecom Sector: †¢ All telecom services have been opened up for free competition for unprecedented Growth. †¢ 217 (Information Technology Agreement) ITA-I items are at zero Customs Duty Specified capital goods and all inputs required to manufacture ITA-I, items are at zero Customs Duty. †¢ Availability of low cost mobile handsets. †¢ The international Long Distance Services (ILDS) opened with effect from April 2002. Calling Party Pays (CPP) regime was implemented with effect from 1st, May. Guidelines for Unified Access Service License regime were issued in November 2003, 27 licenses out of 31 Basic Service Licenses were converted to Unified Access Service Licenses. †¢ In April 2004, license fee for Unified Access Service Providers (UAS) was reduced by 2 per cent. †¢ License fee for infrastructure Provider-II reduced from 15 per cent to 6 per cent of the Adjusted Gross Revenue a nd spectrum charges between 2 to 4 per cent in June 2004. †¢ Entry fee for NLD licenses was reduced to Rs. 2. 5 Crore from Rs. 100 Crore. Entry fee for ILD reduces to Rs. 2. 5 Crore from Rs. 25 Crore. †¢ Lease line charges have been reduced to make the bandwidth available at competitive prices to facilitate growth in IT enabled services. †¢ One India plan i. e. single tariff of Re. 1/-per minute to anywhere in India was introduced from 1st, March 2006 by the Public Sector Undertakings. This tariff was emulated by most of the private service providers also. This scheme has led to death of distance in telecommunication and is going to be instrumental in promoting National Integration further. The robust telecom network has also facilitated the expansion of BPO industry that is having 500,000 employees now and adding 400 employees per day. †¢ Annual license fee for National Long Distance (NLD), International Long Distance (ILD), Infrastructure Provider-II, VSAT commercial and Internet Service Provider (ISP) with internet telephony (restricted) licenses was reduced to 6 per cent of Adjusted Gross Revenue (AG R) with effort from Jan 2006. †¢ The Government’s policy is neutral on use of technology by telecom service providers subject to availability of scarce resources such as spectrum etc. License Fees 6-10 per cent of Adjusted Gross Revenue (AGR). Foreign Direct Investment Policy:- Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) was permitted in the telecom sector beginning with the telecom manufacturing segment in 1991 when India embarked on economic liberalization. FDI is defined as investment made by non-residents in the equity capital of a company. For the telecom sector, FDI includes investment made by Non-Resident Indians (NRIs), Overseas Corporate Bodies (OCBs), foreign entities, Foreign Institutional Investors (FIIs), American Depository Receipts (ADRs)/Global Depository Receipts (GDRs) etc. Present FDI Policy for the Telecom sector: †¢ In Basic, Cellular Mobile, National Long Distance, International Long Distance, Value Added Services and Global Mobile Personal Communications by Satellite, FDI is limited to 49 per cent (under automatic route) subject to grant of license from the Department of Telecommunications and adherence by the companies (who are investing and the companies in which investment is being made) to the license conditions for foreign equity cap and lock-in period for transfer and addition of equity and other license provisions. Foreign Direct Investment up to 74 per cent permitted, subject to licensing and security requirements for the following: Internet Service (with gateways) Infrastructure Providers (Category II) Radio Paging Service †¢ FDI up to 100 per cent permitted in respect to the following telecom services: ISPs not providing gateways (Both for satellite and submarine cables) Infrastructure Providers providing dark fibre (IP Cat egory I) Electronic Mail Voice Mail The above is subject to the following conditions: FDI up to 100 per cent is allowed subject to the condition that such companies would divest 26 per cent of their equity in favour of Indian public within 5 years, if these companies are listed in other parts of the world. The above services would be subject to licensing and security requirements, wherever required. Proposals for FDI beyond 49 per cent shall be considered by Foreign Investment Promotion Board (FIPB) on a case-to-case basis. †¢ In the manufacturing sector 100 per cent FDI is permitted under the automatic route. In Basic, Cellular Mobile, paging and Value Added service, and Global Mobile Personal Communications by Satellite, FDI is permitted up to 49 per cent (under automatic route) subject to grant of license from Department of Telecommunications †¢ Foreign direct investment up to 74 per cent permitted, subject to licensing and security requirements for the Internet Ser vice (with gateways), Infrastructure Providers (category-II), Radio Paging Service †¢ FDI up to 100 per cent permitted in respect of ISPs not providing gateways (both for satellite and submarine cables), Infrastructure Providers providing dark fibre (IP Category I); Electronic Mail; and Voice Mail †¢ FDI up to 49 per cent is also permitted in an investment company, set up for making in the telecom companies licensed to operate telecom services. Investment by these investment companies in a telecom service company is treated as part of domestic equity and is not set of against the foreign equity cap. †¢ Manufacturing 100 per cent FDI is permitted under automatic route. FDI is subject to the following conditions †¢ FDI up to 100 per cent is allowed subject to the conditions that such companies would divest 26 per cent of their equity in favour of Indian public in 5 years, if these companies are listed in other parts of the world. †¢ The above services woul d be subject to licensing and security requirements, Wherever required. †¢ Proposals for FDI beyond 49 per cent shall be considered by FIPB on case to case Basis. COMPETITION OVERVIEW:- Major Players There are three types of players in telecom services: State owned companies (BSNL and MTNL) †¢ Private Indian owned companies (Reliance Infocomm, Tata Teleservices,) †¢ Foreign invested companies (Hutchison-Essar, Bharti Tele-Ventures, Escotel, Idea Cellular, BPL Mobile, Spice Communications) Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (BSNL) Bharat Sanchar Nigam Ltd. is Worlds 7th largest Telecommunications Company providing comprehensive range of telecom services in India: Wire line, CDMA mobile, GSM Mobile, Internet, Broadband, Carrier service, MPLS-VPN, VSAT, VoIP services, IN Services etc. Within a span of five years it has become one of the largest public sector units in India. It has a network of over 45 million lines covering 5000 towns with over 35 million telephone connections. BSNL plans to expand its customer base from present 47 million lines to 125 million lines and infrastructure investment plan to the tune of Rs. 733 crores (US$ 16. 67 million) in the next three years. Bharti Airtel Bharti Tele-Ventures Limited was incorporated on July 7, 1995 for promoting investments in telecommunications services. Its subsidiaries operate telecom services across India. Bharti’s operations are broadly handled by two companies: the Mobility group and the Infotel group. The mobile business provides mobile fixed wireless services using GSM technology across 23 telecom circles while the Airtel Telemedia Services business offers broadband telephone services in 94 cities. Bharti Telecom and British Telecom formed a51%:49% joint venture, Bharti BT Internet for providing Internet services, in 1998 Bharti Tele-Ventures acquired an effective 32. 6% equity interest in Bharti Mobile (formerly JT Mobiles), the cellular services provider in Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh circles in 1999 Bharti Telesonic entered into a joint venture, Bharti Aqua net, With SingTel for establishing a submarine cable landing station at Chennai in 2001 A 50:50 joint venture between Bharti and SingTel, to undertake the largest infrastructure project between Singapore and Indian companies in 2001. Vodafone Acquired majority stake in Hutch Essar in India, by buying out complete stake of Hutch in 2007, Essar is still minority stakeholder in company. Vodafone Essar in India is a subsidiary of Vodafone Group Plc and commenced operations in 1994 when its predecessor Hutchison Telecom acquired the cellular license for Mumbai. Vodafone Essar now has operations in 16 circles covering 86% of Indias mobile customer base, with over 45. 78 million customers. Vodafone Essar, under the Hutch brand, has been named the Most Respected Telecom Company, the Best Mobile Service in the country and the Most Creative and Most Effective Advertiser of the Year. It has operations in 25 countries across 5 continents and 40 partner networks with over 200 million customers worldwide. Vodafone Essar is expecting to touch over 35 million customers across 400,000 shops and thousand of hutch’s own employees along with employees of its business associates. Reliance Communication Reliance Telecoms cellular services are available in 340 towns within its eight-circle footprint. Reliance Infocomm also offered for the first time in India, mobile data services through its RWorld mobile portal. This portal leverages the data capability of the CDMA 1X network. Reliance Infocomm offers a complete range of telecom services covering mobile and fixed line telephony including broadband, national and international long distance services, data services and a wide range of value added services and applications aimed at enhancing productivity of enterprises and individuals. Reliance Communications has IP-enabled connectivity infrastructure comprising over 150,000 kilometers of fiber-optic cable systems in India, the US, Europe, Middle East, and the Asia Pacific region. International wholesale telecommunications service provider, FLAG Telecom amalgamates with Reliance Gateway, a wholly owned subsidiary of Reliance Infocomm in 2004. Idea Idea Cellular is part of the Aditya Birla Group, which is Indias first truly multinational corporation. Aditya Birla Nuvo Ltd. holds 35. 7 per cent, Birla TMT Holdings Ltd. 44. 9 per cent, Grasim 7. 5 per cent, and Hindalco 10. 1 per cent in Idea. Idea Has a customer base of over 17 million, IDEA Cellular has operations in Delhi, Maharashtra, Goa, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Uttaranchal, Haryana, UP, WB, Himachal Pradesh and Kerala. Merged with Tata Cellular Limited in 2001, thereby acquiring original license for the Andhra Pradesh Circle Acquired RPG Cellular Limited and consequently the license for the Madhya Pradesh (including Chhattisgarh) Circle in 2001 In 2004 acquired Escotel, incumbent cellular service provider in Haryana, UP(W) Kerala and new licensee in HP Acquired Escorts Telecommunications Limited (subsequently renamed as Idea Telecommunications Limited) in 2006 Merger of seven subsidiaries with Idea Cellular Limited in 2007. Idea also plans to enter rural and neglected circles as a strategy to gain subscribers. Other advancements in the telecom industry will help it cut costs use of e-mail to send bills to customers; sharing cell sites; smaller base transmission stations that will mean lesser infrastructure requirements and expenses and independent tower operators. Along with its plan to go for a national long distance license, it will also look at international long distance in the near future. Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Limited (MTNL) MTNL was set up by the Government of India to upgrade the quality of telecom services, expand the telecom network, and introduce new services and to raise revenue for telecom development needs of India. s key metros. MTNL with a market share of about 13% of the National telecom Network has a customer base of 5. 92 million. The Govt. of India currently holds 56. 25% stake in the company. MTNL has formed a Joint Venture company in Nepal by the name of United Telecom Ltd. (UTL) in collaboration with Telecom Consultants India Limited (TCIL) in 2001 for providing WLL based basic services in Nepal. MTNL has set up its 100% subsidiary . Mahanagar Telephone Mauritius Limited. (MTML) in Mauritius, for providing basic, mobile and international long distance. CHAPTER – II TATA DOCOMO Tata DOCOMO is Tata Teleservices Limiteds telecom service on the GSM platform—arising out of the Tata Groups strategic alliance with Japanese telecom major NTT DOCOMO in November 2008. Tata Teleservices has received a license to operate GSM telecom services in 19 of Indias 22 telecom Circles—and has also been allotted spectrum in 18 telecom Circles. Of these, it has already rolled out services in all the 18 Circles that it received spectrum in from the Government of India—Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Orissa, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Mumbai, Madhya Pradesh-Chhattisgarh, Haryana-Punjab, Kolkata, Rest of West Bengal, Jharkhand, Bihar, UP (East), UP (West), Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh and Rajasthan. Tata DOCOMO has also become the first Indian private operator to launch 3G services in India, with its recent launch in all the nine telecom Circles where it bagged the 3G license. In association with its partner NTT DOCOMO, the Company finds itself suitably positioned to leverage this first-mover advantage. With 3G, Tata DOCOMO stands to redefine the very face of telecoms in India. Tokyo-based NTT DOCOMO is one of the worlds leading mobile operators—in Japan, the company is the clear market leader, used by nearly 55 per cent of the countrys mobile phone users. NTT DOCOMO has played a major role in the evolution of mobile telecommunications through its development of cutting-edge technologies and services. Over the years, technologists at DOCOMO have defined industry benchmarks like 3G technology, as also products and services like i-Mode, e-wallet and a plethora of lifestyle-enhancing applications. Last year itself, while most of the rest of the industry was only beginning to talk of 4G technology and its possible applications, DOCOMO had already concluded conducting 4G trials in physical geographies, not just inside laboratories! DOCOMO is a global leader in the VAS space, both in terms of services and handset designs, particularly integrating services at the platform stage. The Tata Group-NTT DOCOMO partnership will see offerings such as these being introduced in the Indian market through the Tata DOCOMO brand. Tata DOCOMO has also set up a Business and Technology Coordination Council, comprising of senior personnel from both companies. The council is responsible for the identification of key areas where the two companies will work together. DOCOMO, the worlds leading mobile operator, will work closely with the Tata Teleservices Limited management and provide know-how to help the company develop its GSM business. On the CDMA platform, despite being the latest entrant, Tata Indicom has already established its presence and is the fastest-growing pan-India operator. Incorporated in 1996, Tata Teleservices is the pioneer of the CDMA 1x technology platform in India. Today, Tata Teleservices Ltd, along with Tata Teleservices (Maharashtra) Ltd, serves over 84 million customers in more than 450,000 towns and villages across the country, with a bouquet of telephony services encompassing Mobile Services, Wireless Desktop Phones, Public Booth Telephony and Wireline Services. About TATA group: Origin and Founder The story of the Tata Group of business unfolds with the birth of its founder Jamshedji Tata in the small town of Navasari in Gujarat in 1839. He breathed his last in 1904 in Germany. His parents were Nuseerwanji and Jeevanbai Tata. Nusserwanji was the first businessman in a family of Parsi Zorastrian priests. Destiny called him to Bombay where he started trading. Jamshedji joined him at the tender age of fourteen. He took admission in Elphinstone College and while still a student he married Hirabai Daboo. Jamshedji graduated in 1858 and joined his father trading firm. Those were turbulent times. The British had just managed to ruthlessly crush the 1857 Revolt. Since the age of twenty-nine Jamshedji continued to work in his father’s firm. In 1868 he started a trading company on his own with a capital of Rs. 21, 000/- His first step was to acquire a bankrupt oil mill and convert it into a cotton mill which he renamed Alexander Mill. Two years later he sold it with a good margin of profit. With this he set up a cotton mill in Nagpur in 1874. Queen Victoria had just been declared the Empress and in keeping with the times Jamshedji named it Empress Mill. Jamshedji was a unique personality. He did not just think of innovative ways of manufacturing textiles but he devised new labor practices that would satisfy the workers. In this way he was far ahead of his times. It was not just his own personal success but also of those who worked for him and his group. Jamshedji was in close contact with revolutionary thinkers and nationalists like Dadabhai Naoroji and Pherozeshah Mehta and strongly influenced by them. He came to the conclusion that economic self-sufficiency should go hand in hand with political independence. The former should be the base of the latter. Jamshedji had three key ideas in mind. He wanted to set up an iron and steel company, world class learning institution and a hydroelectric plant. Unfortunately during his lifetime none bore fruit but he had planted the seed, which later took roots and spread its branches under the care of his successors. The only achievement that he lived to see was The Taj Mahal Hotel. It was completed in December 1903 for a princely amount of Rs. 4, 21, 00,000/-In this too he was inspired by nationalist thinking. In those days the locals, that is Indians, were not allowed into the best European Hotels. Taj Mahal Hotel was a befitting reply to this discrimination. Tata Group is a private conglomerate with headquarters at Mumbai. The present Chairman is Ratan Tata who took over from J. R. D. Tata in 1991. A member of the Tata family is always the Chairman of the group. Its operations covers many fields related to industry and allied activities concerned with know-how and its application engineering, information technology, communications, materials, automotive, chemicals energy, telecommunications, software, hotels, steel and consumer goods. The statistics and figures of Tata Group speak for themselves. Its revenue touches $967,229 million or $21. 9 billion in 2005/06. This is equal to 2. 8% of India’s GDP. There are about 246. 000 employees in the Tata group as per records of 2004. Market capitalization figure is $57. 6 billion. There are ninety-six companies operating in seven business sectors. A Only twenty-eight of the ninety six in Tata Group are publicly listed. Tata operates in more than forty countries across six continents. It exports products and services to one hundred and forty nations. The Charitable Trust of Tata holds 65. 8% of the ownership of Tata group TISCO now called Tata steel set up in 1907 India’s first iron and steel plant in Jamshedpur, which is often called Tatanagar. Production actually started in 1912. It produces steel at the lowest cost in the world. This is mainly because it is assisted by group member concern that deals with the supply of raw material like coal and iron. In 1910 was set up Tata Hydro-Electric Power Supply Company. In 1917 the Tata group made its debut in the field of consumer goods industry with the setting up of Tata Oil Mill dealing in soaps, detergents and cooking oil. 1932 saw the establishment of Tata airlines. Tata Chemicals made its appearance in 1939. Telco now known as Tata Motors started to manufacture locomotive and engineering products from 1945. January 2007 is a watershed in the history of Tata Group. Tata steel made a Successful bid for UK based Corus Group, which was one of the world’s leading steel and aluminum producers. After an unprecedented nine rounds of bidding Tata finally clinched the deal. Tata offered to buy 100% stake in Corus at 608p per share (all cash) totaling to a value of $12. 04 billion. It has turned out to be the biggest acquisition by any Indian company. Tata Power is one of the largest private sector companies in India and supplies power to Mumbai and parts of New Delhi. Then there are Tata Chemicals and Tata Pigments. In the service sector there are Tata companies dealing with hotels, general insurance and life insurance. Tata offers management, economic and financial consultancy services. Tata is one of the best names in the world of investments and shares. In the area of education Tata’s publishing house of Tata McGraw Hill is a renowned name. Many renowned public sector companies and research organizations like Indian Institute of Science, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Tata Energy Research Institute and Air India (Tata Airlines) owe their origins to the name of Tata. Other educational institutes are Tata Institute of Science now Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Tata Institute Of Fundamental Research â€Å"deemed University, Tata Management Training center, Pune, Tata Institute Of Social Science â€Å"deemed University and National Centre for the Performing Arts. The name of Tata is linked to consumer durables like tea, watches (Titan) Tata Trent (Westside) to Tata Sky and even gold and diamonds like Tanishq brand of jewellery. In information systems and communications the Tata name comes with Computational Research Laboratories, INCAT, Nelco, Nelito Systems, TCS and Tata Elxsi. There are software companies Tata Interactive Systems, Tata Infotech, Tata Technologies Ltd, Tata Teleservices, Tatanet etc. Tata acquired VSNL, the Indian telecom giant from Bermuda based Canadian company named Teleglobe in 2005. The aim of Tata Group is to improve the quality of life in the society by virtue of integrity, understanding, excellence, unity and responsibility. The entire family known as the Tata Group shares these values. Tata’s contribution to India’s education, science and technology has been widely documented and respected. The blue colored log of Tata speaks for fluidity as well as fountain of knowledge. It can also be seen as a tree under which all are welcome to take refuge. Brief History, Vision, Mission 1868 Jamsetji Nusserwaji Tata starts a private trading firm laying the foundation of the Tata group. 1874 The Central India Spinning, Weaving and Manufacturing Company is set up, marking the Group ‘sentry into textiles. 1902 The Indian Hotels Company is incorporated to set up the taj Mahal Palace ad Tower India’s first luxury hotel which opened 1903. 1907 The Tata Iron and Steel Company is established to set up India’s first iron and steel plant in Jamshedpur, which started production in 1912. 910 The first of the three Tata Electric Companies,the Tata Hydro-Electric Power Supply Company,is set up to generate electricity. 1911 The Indian Institute of Science is established in Bangalore to serve as a centre for advanced learning. 1912 Tata Steel introduces eight-hour working days, well before such a system was implemented by law even in most western count ries. 1917 The Tatas enter the consumer goods segment as the Tata Oil Mills Company is established to make soaps, detergents and cooking oils. 932 Tata Airlines, a division of Tata Sons, is established, opening up the aviation sector in India. 1939 Tata Chemicals is established. 1945 Tata Engineering and Locomotive Company (renamed Tata Motors in 2003) is established to manufacture locomotive and engineering products. The company began manufacturing commercial vehicles in 1954 in a JV with Daimler Benz. 1952 Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, India’s first Prime Minister requests the Group to manufacture cosmetics in India; and Lakme is established. 968 Tata Consultancy Services (TCS),India’s first software services company is established as a division of Tata Sons 1984 Titan Industries —a joint venture between the Tata Group and the Tamil Nadu Industrial Development Corporation (TIDCO) — is set up to manufacture watches. 1996 Tata Teleservices Limited (TTS L) is established to spearhead the Group’s foray into the telecom sector. 1998 Tata Indica — India’s first indigenously designed, developed and manufactured car —is launched by Tata Motors, spearheading the Group’s entry into passenger cars. 000 Tata Tea acquires the Tetley Group, UK, in the first major acquisition of an international brand by an Indian group. 2001 Tata-AIG — a joint venture between the Tata Group and American International Group Inc (AIG) —marks the Group’s re-entry into insurance. The Group’s insurance company, New India Assurance, was nationalized in 1956. 2002 The Tata Group acquires a controlling stake in Videsh Sanchar Nigam Limited — India’s leading international Telecommunications service provider. Tata Consultancy Services becomes the first Indian Software company to cross one billion dollars in revenues. †¢ Titan launches Edge, the slimmest watch in the world. 2004 Tata Motors acquires the heavy vehicles unit of Daewoo Motors,South Korea. †¢Tata Steel makes its first major overseas investment in NatSteel Asia, headquartered in Singapore. †¢Tata Consulting Services goes public in Indias private sectors largest initial public offer. 2005 Indian Hotels adds New Yorks iconic hotel, The Pierre, to its portfolio as also its Ginger Smart Basics â€Å"hotels in India. VSNL acquires Tyco Global Network, making it one of the worlds largest provider of submarine cable bandwidth. 2007 In a major step in its unfolding strategy of growth and globalisation, Tata Steel acquires Corus, the UK-based steel company, for $ 12. 1 bn,the biggest overseas acquisition by an Indian company. Tata Steel is now the world’s 6th largest steel producer with capacity of 26 million tonnes per annum and operations in 24 countries. Vision * Our PEOPLE, by fostering team work, nurturing talent, enhancing leadership capability and acting with pace, pride and passion . Our OFFER, by becoming the supplier of choice, delivering premium products and services and creating value with our customers. * Our INNOVATIVE APPROACH, by developing leading edge solution in technology, process and products. * Our CONDUCT, by providing a safe working place respecting the environment, caring for our communities and demonstrating high ethical standards. Mission Our Mission in Tata is to improve the quality of life in India through leadership in targeted sectors of national economic significance to which the Group can bring a unique set of capabilities. Promoter companies Tata Sons, Tata Industries, Group holding structure Tata Sons and Tata Industries are the two promoter companies of the Tata Group . A more detailed profile of these companies can be accesses through the ‘related info’ links on the right. Tata Sons This premier promoter company of the Tatas was established as a trading enterprise by group founder Jamsetji Tata in 1868. It is the promoter of all key companies of the Tata Group and holds the bulk of shareholding in these companies. The chairman of Tata Sons has traditionally been the chairman of the Tata Group. Tata Sons is the owner of the Tata name and the Tata trademark, which are registered in India and several other countries. About 66 per cent of the equity capital of Tata Sons is held by philanthropic trusts endowed by members of the Tata family. Tata Industries Tata Industries was set up Tata Sons in 1945 as a managing agency for business it promoted. Following the abolition of the managing agency system, Tata Industries’ mandate was recast, in the early 1980s,to promote the Group’s entry into new and high-tech areas. Tata Industries has over the last two decades, initiated and promoted the Group’s ventures into several sectors, including control systems, information technology, financial services ,auto components, advanced materials and telecom hardware. CHAPTER – III Department Structure Regional Head Regional coo Mobility Head (for TATA DOCOMO 3G/GSM/ TATA Photon+) Team Leader (Ahmadabad) Team Leader (Rajkot) Team Leader (Surat) Mobility Manager Ahmadabad/ Rajkot Mobility Manager Baroda/ Surat B Team Leader (Baroda) CHAPTER – IV What activities this department does? This department does the following activities: 1. Solution for the Business needs: 2. Solution by industry: 1. Solution for the Business needs: The first thing is to provide solution for the business needs. It means that it helps to †¦ a) Continue the business Today’s enterprise has no rest. With its global footprint, communications and transactions are constantly taking place over networks and through IT systems. As such, preventing network downtimes and interruptions has become a necessity for all enterprises – especially those driven by a high cost per transaction. Despite this, it is a fact that nearly 98% of the enterprises across the globe are adversely affected by unscheduled downtime. Unscheduled downtime also hits resource productivity, brand value and the reputation of an organization. Faced with demanding customers and stringent regulatory requirements, companies need to be proactive about business continuity planning. Cost-effective and efficient Business Continuity Management (BCM) strategies go a long way in building organizational resilience and protecting brand reputation in a volatile and high-risk global working environment. While regulatory requirements drive BCM in the banking sector, corporate governance and business strategy encourages it in FSI, TMT, manufacturing and the other sectors. Business continuity solutions can empower an enterprise to restore operations rapidly, including retrieving and restoring access to data and having a contingency office environment equipped with office equipment. However, an effective design and management of enterprise’ infrastructure along with the preparedness for addressing a pandemic situation is crucial to a business continuity strategy. With its diversified portfolio of services, TTSL can partner with enterprises and work collaboratively in planning network redundancies, load balancing, enabling network storage and restoring services, thus providing a complete business continuity solution. TTSL’s business continuity solutions   include cutting-edge Enterprise Data services , and pan-India, Fixed Line voice services. b) Cost optimization Rapidly growing enterprises today need to optimize costs even as they step up investments to stay competitive. With the increasing geographic spread, communicating with a dispersed workforce and clientele becomes a key issue. Technology, which offers the edge, also brings forth the challenge of managing disparate vendors and solutions. With the need of spending on voice and data services, telecommunication forms one of the top non-operating expenses for enterprises. Recent research shows that migration to new technologies can save up to 33. 45 percent of the expenses being made on the present architecture. Further, consolidation of networks can save up to 18. 8 percent and moving from unmanaged to managed, an additional 32. 6 percent. While the uptake of new technologies can offer multiple savings, a holistic view of your communication network is thus crucial for actual cost optimization. Choosing a suitable service provider and the optimal solution can reduce CAPEX through outsourced telecommunication management and OPEX through reduced administrative activities, there by improve organizatio nal efficiency and strongly supporting cost optimization. Recognizing enterprise needs, TTSL has developed a bouquet of solutions to optimize total cost of ownership (TCO) across verticals. TTSL solutions implemented have shown huge cost reductions. From basic data and voice services to high-end mobility and conferencing solutions, TTSL provides scalable, user-friendly and cost-effective solutions that enhance business agility. This includes closed user group (CUG) calling – a popular feature availed by corporate clients that helps reduce cost to communicate internally. TTSL adds dimension to the existing CUG feature with a seamless CUG offering across Mobile, Walky, Wireline (POTS, PRI, Centrex, LDID BRI) and Tata Docomo. Other attractive options include zero-investment EPBX for fixed-line voice services, lowest-cost handsets with attractive features for CDMA mobile and enterprise prepaid services, the innovative Insta Conferencing solution that is extremely user-friendly and preferable to travel, attractive pricing and cost flexibility in Blackberry services that includes an OPEX-based model for a period of 12-18 months with convenient handset bundling, and TTSL’s Managed Enterprise Network Services (MENS), which provides assured cost savings for legacy VPN and leased circuit networks c) Enterprise mobility Today’s enterprise pivots on mobility services to boost productivity and facilitate collaboration between its dispersed workforces. Being able to access information and take decisions without location constraints is critical at a time when the lines between business and personal spaces are blurring and where the globe has transformed into a borderless office. Enterprises are looking to centralize their mobility solutions in order to reduce costs and ensure effective, integrated mobilization of resources. This, in turn, will support improved productivity and flexibility. As multi-country mobility becomes pervasive, the focus is on managing costs – optimizing international roaming costs and mobile contracts while ensuring secure, reliable connectivity. There is a premium, therefore, on innovative tools that promote real-time collaboration. TTSL networking products and solutions enable employees to work where they can be most effective, while they maintain robust communication with stakeholders like customers, associates, supervisors and corporate leadership, helping the organization become leaner and agile. The portfolio of enterprise mobility services from TTSL include CDMA/ GSM mobile services that offer value added services like pooling of free calling minutes in a central account, closed user group (CUG) for Mobile, Walky, Wireline (POTS, PRI, Centerex, LDID BRI) and Tata Docomo, which help customers optimize telecom cost. TTSL also offers fully managed and cost effective Conferencing services around voice and video that can track ongoing conferences through web. In addition, TTSL offers state-of-the-art Enterprise Data services as well as the PRI-like wireless land line Walky service. Capable of instant installation, it reduces turnaround times for customers, even while offering benefits like single number, common number and hotline services. Enterprises can also opt for the extremely convenient and high-speed Tata Photon connections of 1 Gbps and above with Ethernet interface or very attractively priced TTSL Blackberry Enterprise services that function as productivity multipliers and cost savers. Hybrid Enterprise Prepaid service can convert variable telecom expenses into fixed cost while Smart services and Domain solutions offer a platform for companies to expand and grow. ) Productivity enhancement A highly competitive economic environment is driving enterprises to look for ways to boost productivity. Although the metrics to measure productivity may vary significantly between sectors, Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) have been the key enablers to enhanced productivity all across. Research has shown that by leveraging effective ICT services, ente rprises in growing markets can attain business productivity growth of between 33%-65%, depending on the scale of business and the industry in which they operate. Communication solutions rationalize and simplify the task of assembling, processing, analyzing and transmitting information, enabling enterprises to accomplish information-related tasks quickly and effectively. Seamless enterprise-wide connectivity with easy access to information, irrespective of the location, is invaluable. It optimizes resource usage, improves collaboration and supports more rapid decision making – all of which contribute to higher all-round productivity. Recognizing these needs, TTSL has developed a range of services that enable the achievement of superior enterprise productivity. The goal is simple: maximized productivity at minimized costs. From basic data and voice services to high-end mobility and conferencing solutions, TTSL provides scalable, user-friendly and cost-effective solutions that enhance business productivity. TTSL solutions include an innovative, fully managed, user-friendly Conferencing service. This cost-effective solution offers multiple solutions around voice and video, reduces a company’s carbon footprint by tracking ongoing conferences through web and interoperability, even while promoting greater enterprise agility and simplified communication. In addition, TTSL offers state-of-the-art Enterprise Data services as well as the PRI-like wireless land line Walky service. Capable of instant installation, it reduces turnaround times for customers, even while offering benefits like single number, common number and hotline services. Enterprises can also opt for the extremely convenient and high-speed Tata Photon connections of 1 Gbps and above with Ethernet interface or very attractively priced TTSL Blackberry Enterprise services that function as productivity multipliers and cost savers. Hybrid Enterprise Prepaid service can convert variable telecom expenses into fixed cost while Smart services and Domain solutions offer a platform for companies to expand and grow. e) Simplified communication A scattered workforce, multiple suppliers and varied processes have underlined the growing intricacies of enterprise communications. Maintaining this complex mix, managing multiple networks and securing communication channels that use a range of mobile devices poses a formidable challenge. As communication architecture becomes more complex, enterprises need to be equipped to leverage its potential. Modern enterprises depend on mobility services to enable their employees to access information, collaborate and make decisions, without location constraints. As multi-country mobility becomes ubiquitous, the focus is on ensuring streamlined, cost-effective and productive working – the key to which is straightforward communications. Simplified and streamlined communications between enterprises and clients offers companies a competitive advantage – they can serve clients faster and better. Having a single point of contact facilitates the working of an enterprise. It enables enhanced focus on core competencies, while improving productivity parameters. TTSL provides a number of solutions enabling enterprises to optimize their communications. TTSL attempts to give an enterprise CIO a complete, 360 degree overview of the organization’s telecom and IT infrastructure and enable a single vendor, single bill and single point of contact, thus simplifying communications. TTSL has been committed to offer single window communication solutions to enterprises through its host of services such as the fully managed and cost effective Conferencing service, the fully scalable and secure Road Warrior service, the state of the art Enterprise Data services, pan-India Fixed Line voice services, the extremely convenient and fast Tata Photon ( Now with 3G we would have to mention Wireless Connectivity/Broadband services) services, and highly attractive priced Blackberry Enterprise services. ) Sustainable growth of the business Sustainability is a mega trend like globalization. Made up of several components – environmental, social and profitability – corporate sustainability is important to create long-term shareholder value by embracing opportunities and leveraging sustainable products, services and working practices for business advantage. Sustainable businesses participate in environmentally friendly activities to ensure that all processes, products, and manufacturing activities adequately address current environmental concerns while maintaining a profit. A successful sustainability strategy is a key bottom-line necessity for any company, and information and communication technologies (ICT) are an important enabler for the commercial as well as environmental sustainability of an enterprise. The choice of optimal ICT solutions fosters sustainable growth for organizations by improving operational efficiency, delivering savings by consolidating, converging global infrastructure, facilitating worldwide collaboration thereby enabling them to reduce employee travel, lower carbon footprint, enhance brand reputation, improve customer and employee satisfaction, and provide cost as well as energy savings. TTSL partners with enterprises to effectively address the sustainability issue and maximize business dividends. TTSL enables them to achieve both commercial and environmental sustainability through a portfolio of communication services that are targeted to achieve the business objective. Enterprises in pursuit of attaining enterprise sustainability and growth could explore TTSL’s powerful services such the fully managed and cost-effective Conferencing services, state-of-the-art Enterprise Data services, the fast and convenient wireless high speed connectivity, attractively priced Blackberry Enterprise services,(Remove BlackBerry) and the near indispensable machine solutions that are part of TTSL’s Smart services and Domain solutions. . Solution by industry: The second thing is to provide solution by industry. It means that it helps to†¦ a) Government India has experienced two decades of remarkable growth, unleashed by the implementation of important economic reforms in the early 1990s. Government investments in information and communication technologies (ICT) play a critical role in sustaining the country’s high rate of economic growth and social development, also ensuring its continued competitiveness on the global stage. Government – at central, state and local levels – has realized the need for connectivity to foster greater transparency, accountability and responsiveness and, therefore, better governance. The Indian Government’s ICT expenditure is one of the fastest growing in the Asia Pacific region and is characterized by the need for internal and external transformation. External transformation will, propel services and clearer information to the public using electronic means. Internal transformation and large-scale integration will ensure seamless interoperability and exchange of data across ministries and departments. However, the Government vertical is faced with unique challenges. The sheer scale of projects, in terms of data and voice needs and e-infrastructure across the length and breadth of the country, presents a complicated problem to the IT and Telecom teams. Since the vertical is characterized by critical applications and highly sensitive, there is a pressing need for a highly reliable network to ensure real-time access to information. At the same time, there is the need to optimize implementation and operational costs and improve citizen services with the most effective and efficient solutions. Secure access, reliable connectivity and cost effective solutions thus form the pillars of successful government projects. TTSL, with its world class bouquet of solutions, has been a strategic partner in helping achieve the objective of better governance. TTSL’s Managed Enterprise Network services over MPLS platform, potentially reduces costs, while increasing reliability. Its solutions have enabled reduction of costs by nearly ten times. The manageability of the network has been simplified, enabling customers to focus on their core activity. The single- vendor ownership model has supported high service levels. TTSL’s customized solutions have enabled reduction in average transaction time of Government to citizen services by a solid 76%. TTSL’s highly reliable and 100% onsite services support has also allowed the delivery of high-quality services by organizations to its customers, located across the country. b) Retail The Indian retail industry – the fifth largest in the world – employs about 8 percent of the country’s workforce. Highly fragmented, the sector consists mostly of owner-run ‘Mom-and-Pop’ outlets while organised retail accounts for only 5% of total retail sales. However, an increasing focus on enhancing the customer experience is driving the organized retail segment in India. Growing consumerism, brand consciousness and the easy availability of loans across different socio-economic classes is propelling the rapid expansion of urban and semi-urban organized retail markets. Simultaneously, declining margins are transforming the way business is carried out. Retailers are tweaking their business models and are adopting innovative methods using technology as an enabler to ensure sustainability. Data integrity challenges as a result of systems fragmentation, diverse point solutions, intense customization and the absence of an underlying best practice architecture or of an out-of-the-box solution that spans the retail space, is creating a compelling case for the uptake of advanced telecom solutions. Current retailer focus is on leveraging multi-channel retailing, gaining real-time access to information, streamlining operations to improve productivity and enhancing the overall experience for customers. The need to have an integrated telecom solution on wireline and wireless for voice and data requirements to provide enhanced customer service is the key focus area. The vertical is characterized by high dependence on technology for managing internal connectivity through reliable and scalable wireline and wireless solutions that provide seamless connectivity and uninterrupted operations between the POS, retail branch, back office and head quarters. On the other hand is the need of voice and data connectivity need to reach out to end customers through a number of channels. TTSL has demonstrated the industry understanding and value it brings to some of the leading companies in the retail vertical. It has provided cutting-edge Managed Enterprise Network services over MPLS platform for voice and data connectivity to one of India’s leading retail chain for consumer electronics and durables. It supported the business objective with a roll-out time of less than 45 days enabling accelerated store set-up time and provided single-vendor ownership to ensure centralized automatic management of network and reduce network costs by 50%. ) Manufacturing India is emerging as one of the fastest growing manufacturing hubs across the globe, especially in industries like aerospace and automotives. Growing at close to 6. 8% annually, the manufacturing industry is driven by the sizeable domestic demand in Asian countries and increase in demand from the capital-starved western countries. Information and communication technologies (ICT) plays a crucial role in helping companies maintain the competitive advantage and sustain long-term growth. The large number of partners and processes involved in manufacturing supply chains make it difficult to effectively managing information, ensure its accuracy and security, and facilitate ease-of-access for efficient decision making. Thus, current focus is on improving operational efficiency by implementing enterprise-wide applications. This indicates high bandwidth requirement to connect factories, offices, employees and mobile staff. High network uptime too is critical for efficient functioning and decision making in this vertical, considering the dynamic information flow on the network. Further, enterprise mobility is necessary for providing connectivity to the sales and marketing teams and enabling them to access information without location constraints. While recognizing the importance of investment in ICT, the manufacturing industry is grappling with internal challenges in terms of enhancing process automation and channeling disparate IT systems cost-effectively. The rising propensity to outsource managed services like e-mail hosting, web hosting, data center and managed networks too is induced by the need to remove redundancy and improve network management, allowing for better focus on core competencies and optimized costs. With its proven technical expertise and domain knowledge, TTSL enables manufacturing companies to boost their productivity even while reducing costs. Its solutions can economically connect supply chain partners, while efficiently monitoring the end-to-end processes. TTSL’s world-class solutions also maximize mobile workforce productivity. They promote high levels of network resilience and offer advanced security features, ensuring the security and integrity of transmitted information. Their ability to provide last mile multi mode access and bandwidth on demand, enable organizations to offer best-in-class products and services to their customers. d) BFSI The banking sector as a whole has undergone notable structural change in terms of regulatory frameworks and securitisation. Though public sector banks still dominate the Indian market, private and foreign banks have intensified competition by bringing in advanced technologies and expertise in offering specialised products. At the same time, the insurance industry is transforming itself with an ever increasing portfolio of offerings. The growing focus on financial inclusion is compelling organizations to devise innovative business models to reach out to geographically dispersed population pockets. Technology is allowing the BFSI industry to reach out to new markets and offer novel products and services through efficient delivery hannels based on ATM, Internet and mobile platforms. However, the extensive network and geographical spread of over 62,000 bank branches and 42,000 ATMs poses a serious challenge in terms of managing operations, IT infrastructure and communicating efficiently with customers and employees through different access points. Further, data security and availability of information updates is critical to the banking business, mandating high network uptime, rapid fault detection and quick problem resolution. The banking and financial industry is also challenged by the large number of existing legacy systems in its infrastructure. The vertical thus has a unique set of requirements demanding high quality voice and data ICT architecture. TTSL’s industry-leading products and services enable improved customer access and services together with simplification of telecom management. With its keen understanding of business needs, TTSL has been able to devise customized solutions and offer minimum turnaround time. TTSL offers world-class industry knowledge; expertise and after-sales support to transform businesses for leading BFSI companies. TTSL facilitates high levels of network resilience and protection as a critical value-adding partner. TTSL offers their expertise to financial services and insurance companies for managing complex network, to support their business critical needs for redundancy and data security. TTSL’s solutions enable organizations to improve their service delivery standards, resulting in enhanced customer loyalty. TTSL enables BFSI organizations to ensure average network uptime as high as 99. 98%, offering a range of pioneering products and solutions that facilitate reduction of branch roll-out time by almost 55%, compared to the industry average. e) IT/ITeS IT and IT-enabled services (ITeS) is a highly competitive industry with enterprises seeking to create a niche for themselves in the global market. By leveraging the advantages of multi-country service delivery capabilities to better manage evolving customer requirements and execute end-to-end delivery of some new services, the Indian companies are enhancing their global service delivery capabilities through a combination of Greenfield initiative, cross-border MA, partnerships and alliances with local players. This has resulted in a phenomenal ten-fold growth over the last ecade, with exports accounting for over 65% of revenues. To stay ahead, IT/ITeS enterprises must react faster to the changes in the marketplace by maximizing resource utilization and reducing operational costs. Currently, demanding customers and rapid expansion plans are challenging companies to efficiently manage their IT environment. The wide geographical spread and global delivery model of IT/ITeS companies requi res high bandwidth for voice and data connectivity. This has spurred the adoption of content and collaboration applications and unified communication (UC) in the sector. CIOs/CTOs are looking for vendors that can provide cost-effective solutions, quick response time and high network uptime. TTSL offers exceptional, value-added products and services to leading IT-ITeS organizations, helping them achieve their business objectives. TTSL’s ability to understand organizations business requirements and hence customize their offerings, empowers the client to assume complete control over their business communication. The simplification of communication through a wide range of advanced communication products and tools, together with world-class network management are the hallmarks of TTSL’s offerings. In addition to cost-effective, cutting-edge products and services to meet all telecom needs, TTSL offers quick turnaround time, excellent service and customized solutions. Last mile multi-model access through copper, fiber, HSIA, microwave and VSAT; superior uptime, throughput, and faster speed with the state-of-the-art Automatic Switch Over Network (ASON) and; bandwidth on demand on MPLS and ILL are only some of the many